Impact of diabetes therapy on clinical outcomes and mortality among patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as coronary artery disease, strokes, and heart failure. Patients with concomitant DM and CVD have a significantly higher risk of mortality and clinical deterioration, which necessitates optimal therapy to control both conditions. Hyperglycemia in DM induces metabolic changes that lead to endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and atherosclerotic processes, further worsening the course of CVD. The presence of comorbidities such as arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia requires therapy adjustment using antihypertensive and lipid-lowering agents to reduce the overall burden on the cardiovascular system. The aim of the study. To provide an analysis of up-to-date science literature to find an answer to the optimal combination of treatment strategies in patients with CVD and diabetes, with additional data analysis about clinical outcomes in patients with analogous comorbidities.