Epidemiology of comorbidities diseases in patients with newly diagnosed arterial hypertension

Abstract

The article presents the results of a comprehensive clinical and epidemiological analysis of the structure of comorbid pathology in patients with newly diagnosed arterial hypertension. The analysis of the study was conducted on the basis of materials from primary referrals of 745 people to healthcare institutions in the city of Chernivtsi during 2020–2025. The paper provides a reliable assessment of the difference between groups, taking into account gender, age, and observation period using the χ² criterion. As a result of the study, it was proven that in most cases, arterial hypertension is combined with other chronic diseases. The most frequent concomitant diseases were as follows: ischemic heart disease was registered in 35.3%, obesity and lipid metabolism disorders - in 26.9% and type 2 diabetes mellitus - in 15.3%, chronic kidney disease was 8.2%, cerebrovascular diseases - 5.2%, thyroid pathology - 3.5%, chronic respiratory diseases - 2.5%. Concomitant pathology was not registered in only 1.6% of people. Gender analysis showed significant differences in the structure of comorbidities. 38.1% of men had ischemic heart disease more often, 32.6% of women. Obesity and lipid metabolism disorders (24.3% in men and 29.5% in women), type 2 diabetes (14.6% in men and 16.0% in women), thyroid disease (1.9% in men versus 5.1% in women). No significant changes were found in chronic kidney disease, cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases (p > 0.05). The study of the structure of comorbid pathology depending on age showed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of cardiovascular and metabolic pathology in people 50 years of age and older (p < 0.05). The study also compared the frequency of detection of concomitant diseases by year of the study.