Principles and practice of screening in the detection of gastric oncodiseases.

Abstract

Screening is a mass examination of people who do not consider themselves sick to detect diseases at the earliest possible stage or other conditions (risk factors for future diseases). The concept of screening in health care was formulated at the beginning of the last century. Gradually, the concept of screening became effective for the prevention of various diseases, especially oncological ones. WHO in its monograph (1968) for the first time defined the main criteria of screening programs: the disease targeted by the screening program must be an important social and medical problem; the pathogenesis of the disease should be well researched, risk factors and specific markers of the disease should be determined; there should be a sensitive and specific diagnostic test to detect the latent and early stages of the disease; intervention at an early stage of the disease should be more effective than at a late stage; the cost of the screening program should be balanced against the subsequent economic costs of disease treatment and rehabilitation. These criteria remain relevant to this day, however, taking into account the stricter requirements of evidence-based medicine. The aim of the study is the timely recognition of gastric cancer and clarification of the extent of the tumor process in order to choose the optimal treatment tactics.