Possible consequences of military operations for Ukraine’s environment during Russian agression.

Abstract

The war in Ukraine, which is the result of Russian aggression, has been going on for almost 1,000 days and has a huge destructive impact on the environment. The hostilities led to the contamination of water, soil, and air with inorganic and organic pollutants, posing a threat to human health and the environment. According to preliminary estimates, Russian invasion caused direct infrastructure damage of more than €150 billion and €52.4 billion in environmental damage. This includes €27 billion in air damage, €23.6 billion in waste pollution damage, €1.5 billion in water damage, and €0.3 billion in soil damage. Daily damage to the environment from hostilities is estimated at €70 million. About 156.000 square kilometers of Ukraine’s territory is mined with anti- personnel land mines, anti-tank mines, and other munitions. The aim of the study. To analyze the possible consequences of hostilities during the Russian aggression on Ukraine’s environment by literature search in relevant databases.