Історія створення та застосування шини Дітеріхса

Abstract

В статье рассмотрены основные исторические этапы возникновения шин для иммобилизации и их внедрение в медицине. Цель исследования. Описать исторические этапы создания шин, в частности шины Дитерихса, и их использование при переломах костей нижних конечностей. Приведены основные ситуации наложения шин, а также требования к их изготовлению. Методы исследования: описательный, методика классификации и систематизации для анализа, синтеза и обобщения исторических данных о развитии и внедрении в медицину шин различных типов. Научная новизна заключается в систематизации исторических данных о возникновении шин и повязок, их использование в медицинских целях. Выводы: применение шин, в том числе шины Дитерихса, в медицине оправдано и является наиболее надежным методом иммобилизации нижней конечности, при котором снижается уровень травматического шока, кровотечения, инфекционного заражения, возникновения остеомиелита.

The article describes the history of the creation and use of the Diterichs' splint, its main historical stages of creating Diterichs' splint for immobilization and their introduction into medicine. Diterichs' splint originates in 1931, when surgeon Mikhayil Mykhaylovych Diterichs published in the journal "Military Sanitary Affairs" his new invention – a design for temporary fixation of the lower limb. Purpose of the study is to describe the historical stages of Diterichs' splint creation and its use in case of bone fractures of the lower limbs. The basic situations of overlapping Diterichs' splint are presented here and also requirements for special manufacture. Research methods are descriptive, classification and systematization methods for analysis, synthesis and synthesis of historical data on the development and implementation of Diterichs' splint in medicine of various types. The scientific novelty lies in systematization of historical data on the occurrence of tires and dressings, medical use. Conclusions. For the developing this origin design Diterichs based on the splint of Thomas, Taylor, Alkyura, etc, which have been often used at that time and modified them. He suggested using this splint in those cases, when it is not possible to impose a plaster cast. Diterichs splint belongs to the group of things with traction function. Its impose directly on the site of injury, which contributes to careful and rational evacuation of the patient to the hospital. This splint was widely used during 2-nd World War and it saved tens of thousands of people from severe complications after fractures. According to archival data, during the war years Diterich's splint and its improved analogues were superimposed in 68% to the wounded with fractures or bullet wounds of the thigh. Such popularity of the invention is received due to the fact that the soldiers who were imposed with this particular splint was much less likely to hit such a dangerous infectious complication as osteomyelitis. The medical use of Diterichs' splint including is justified and is the most reliable method of immobilization of the lower limb, which decreases the level of traumatic shock, bleeding, infection, the occurrence of osteomyelitis.