Abstract:
Sepsis is a severe illness during the neonatal period. Despite significant advances in
the care of newborn infants, sepsis remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and
mortality. The overall incidence of neonatal sepsis ranges from 1 to 5 cases per 1,000 births
and case fatality rates (CFRs) range from 2 % to 60 %. Both rates depend on multiple factors,
such as pathogen distribution, gestational age, Streptococcus agalactiae (group B
Streptococcus, GBS) carriage rates and prevalence of other common specific pathogens.
Most types of microorganisms can cause sepsis, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and
parasites, such as those that cause malaria. Bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae,
Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Neisseria
meningitidis are the most common etiological pathogens. Manifestations of sepsis and septic
shock can be the fatal frequent pathway of infections with seasonal influenza viruses, dengue
viruses and highly transmissible pathogens of public health concern such as avian and swine
influenza viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory
syndrome coronavirus and most recently, Ebola and yellow fever viruses.
It is descriptive, non-experimental study. The aim of it is to specify the etiologic
factors, clinical manifestation, diagnostic criteria and treatment of sepsis. Based on the results of the study conclusion is that the use of non-culture based
diagnostics and sepsis scores to predict and diagnose septic neonates are areas of active
investigation. The next frontier for antibiotic stewardship in the neonatal intensive care unit
must be development of strategies to decrease antibiotic use and minimise adverse effects by
a thorough study of duration of therapy.
