Acute peritonitis as an urgent problem of modern surgery

Abstract

Over the past decades, in connection with the active introduction of new technologies, methods of diagnosis and treatment of acute peritonitis (AP), in particular, the improvement of the technique of surgical interventions, the expansion of the possibilities of drug therapy, as well as the development of complex measures before and during surgical intervention and in the postoperative period, there is a positive trend in the results of the treatment of this pathology. However, the mortality due to AP remains high, varying, depending on the form and prevalence, from 16 to 80% and has no significant downward trend. One of the reasons for the high mortality rate is the lack of in-depth knowledge of the pathogenesis of AP in connection with the incomplete elucidation of the mechanisms of the initiation of the inflammatory process, as well as the factors supporting it, contribute to its progression and spread throughout the peritoneal cavity. This primarily concerns cytokines, especially interleukin 1β (IL-1β), which plays an important role in the regulation of various inflammatory mechanisms. The study of these factors, in our opinion, will make it possible not only to diagnose the presence of peritonitis reliably, but also to predict the nature of its course.